Primitives

Equipment User Guide

Equipment : Create : Primitives

Primitives, for example, Box and Cylinder elements, are single pieces of equipment used together to create an Equipment design.

Primitives should be built such that their lengths are aligned with the default axis system and not built in such a way that they need to be rotated from the default axis system.

Note:

Some primitives need to be rotated, but if the user tries to keep these to a minimum then any subsequent changes to the equipment is easier.

In order to build an equipment item, the user decides the types of primitives required. For example, the simple storage vessel shown below can be constructed from a cylinder for the main body, two dishes for the ends, two boxes for the support legs and a nozzle for the piping connection.

All of the building blocks are selected from the Create Primitive window.

To create a primitive, on the Equipment tab, in the Create group, click Primitives to display the Create Primitive window.


Box	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Box. Refer to Box Parameters for further information.
Cylinder	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Cylinder. Refer to Cylinder Parameters for further information.
Cone	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Cone. Refer to Cone Parameters for further information.
Snout	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Snout. Refer to Snout Parameters for further information.
Pyramid	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Pyramid. Refer to Pyramid Parameters for further information.
Circular Torus	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Circular Torus. Refer to Circular Torus Parameters for further information.
Rectangular Torus	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Rectangular Torus. Refer to Rectangular Torus Parameters for further information.
Dish	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Dish. Refer to Dish Parameters for further information.
Sloped Cylinder	The Create Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Sloped Cylinder. Refer to Sloped Cylinder Parameters for further information.
Extrusion	Displays the Create Extrusion window. Refer to Create Extrusion for further information.
Solid of Revolution	Displays the +ve Revolution window. Refer to Create Revolution for further information.
Switch to Negative Primitives	Displays the Create Negative Primitives window. Refer to Create Negative Primitive for further information.

Primitive Specific Parameters

After selecting the primitive to be created, the Create Primitive window displays the required parameters fields for the selected primitive.

Box Parameters

Select Box on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Box.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
X Length	Input a value in the field to define the X Length of the Box.
Y Length	Input a value in the field to define the Y Length of the Box.
Z Length	Input a value in the field to define the Z Length of the Box.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Box in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Cylinder Parameters

Select Cylinder on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Cylinder.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Cylinder.
Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Diameter of the Cylinder.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Cylinder in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Cone Parameters

Select Cone on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Cone.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Top Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Top Diameter of the Cone.
Bottom Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Bottom Diameter of the Cone.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Cone.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Cone in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Snout Parameters

Select Snout on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Snout.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Top Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Top Diameter of the Snout.
Bottom Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Bottom Diameter of the Snout.
X Offset	Input a value in the field to define the X Offset of the Snout.
Y Offset	Input a value in the field to define the Y Offset of the Snout.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Snout.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Snout in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Pyramid Parameters

Select Pyramid on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Pyramid.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
X Top	Input a value in the field to define the X Top of the Pyramid.
Y Top	Input a value in the field to define the Y Top of the Pyramid.
X Bottom	Input a value in the field to define the X Bottom of the Pyramid.
Y Bottom	Input a value in the field to define the Y Bottom of the Pyramid.
X Offset	Input a value in the field to define the X Offset of the Pyramid.
Y Offset	Input a value in the field to define the Y Offset of the Pyramid.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Pyramid.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Pyramid in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Circular Torus Parameters

Select Circular Torus on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Circular Torus.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Inside Radius	Input a value in the field to define the Inside Radius of the Circular Torus.
Outside Radius	Input a value in the field to define the Outside Radius of the Circular Torus.
Angle	Input a value in the field to define the Angle of the Circular Torus.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Circular Torus in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Rectangular Torus Parameters

Select Rectangular Torus on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Rectangular Torus.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Inside Radius	Input a value in the field to define the Inside Radius of the Rectangular Torus.
Outside Radius	Input a value in the field to define the Outside Radius of the Rectangular Torus.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Rectangular Torus.
Angle	Input a value in the field to define the Angle of the Rectangular Torus.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Rectangular Torus in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Dish Parameters

Select Dish on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Dish.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Diameter of the Dish.
Radius	Input a value in the field to define the Radius of the Dish.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Dish.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Dish in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Sloped Cylinder Parameters

Select Sloped Cylinder on the Create Primitive window to display the Parameters fields for a Sloped Cylinder.


Parameters	Displays the Primitives window, indicating the Parameters fields along the axis.
Diameter	Input a value in the field to define the Diameter of the Sloped Cylinder.
Height	Input a value in the field to define the Height of the Sloped Cylinder.
Top X Shear	Input a value in the field to define the Top X Shear of the Sloped Cylinder.
Top Y Shear	Input a value in the field to define the Top Y Shear of the Sloped Cylinder.
Bottom X Shear	Input a value in the field to define the Bottom X Shear of the Sloped Cylinder.
Bottom Y Shear	Input a value in the field to define the Bottom Y Shear of the Sloped Cylinder.
Used For	The Used For drop-down list allows the user to select pre-defined level settings. Refer to Levels for further information.
Levels	The Levels fields define the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. Refer to Levels for further information.

Click Create to display the Sloped Cylinder in the 3D view or Back to return to the select primitive part of the Create Primitive window. The Modify Primitive window displays by default.

Create Extrusion

The Create an Extrusion window allows the user to create a set of extrusion vertices in various ways, depending on the requirements of the design. It also allows the user to set the other attributes necessary to relate these vertices to a 3D extrusion representation.

The shape of an extrusion (EXTR) is defined by a loop (LOOP). The 2D geometry of the loop is defined by linking a set of vertices (VERTs), each with a position in the loop’s XY coordinate system. The Height (HEIG) attribute of the LOOP defines the distance by which the 2D shape is extruded (in the Z direction) to form the 3D extrusion volume

To create an extrusion make sure the correct Primitive element is selected in the Model Explorer.

On the Create Primitive window, select Extrusion to display the Create Extrusion window.

Select Name from the drop-down list and input an extrusion name in the Name field. Alternatively, select Autoname for the Equipment application to name the extrusion by default.

Input the extrusion thickness in the Thickness field

The Modify Representation part of the Create Extrusion window allows the user to select pre-defined settings that display the level of detail visible to the user. The levels visible in MODEL determine the display. The current visible levels are set by the Graphic Settings window. Refer to Graphics for further information.

Select a level type from the Predefined drop-down list. As well as selecting a pre-defined level, the user can select Default or Unknown, from the Predefined drop-down list. The fields in the Levels drop-down list are populated by default.

Select an Obstruction value from the Obstruction drop-down list. The options are Hard, Soft or None.

The Create Methods part of the Create Extrusion window allows the user to define the position of a new positive or negative extrusion vertex (VERT).


	Positions the point using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Define vertex (Distance[0]) Snap : The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Displays the Define vertex window. Refer to Define Vertex Explicitly for further information. The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Displays the Define vertex window. Refer to Define Vertex Offset from Previous for further information. The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Displays the Radius window. Refer to Construct a Fillet Arc with Specified Radius between two Tangential Lines for further information.
	Allows the user to construct an arc, passing through three picked points, using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Extrusion arc (three points) first point (Distance[0]) Snap : then Extrusion arc (three points) second point (Distance[0]) Snap : then Extrusion arc (three points) second point (Distance[0]) Snap :
	Allows the user to construct a fixed radius arc, passing through two picked points, using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Extrusion arc (through 2 points) start point (Distance[0]) Snap : then Extrusion arc (through 2 points) end point (Distance[0]) Snap :

Click Remove Previous Point to remove the most recently defined point or Remove Previous Arc to remove the most recently defined arc.

Select the Display Modification Form check box to display Loop editor on the Modify Extrusion window when the user applies an extrusion. Refer to Loop Vertex Editor for further information.

Click Apply to create the extrusion or Cancel to discard any changes and close the Modify Extrusion window.

Define Vertex Explicitly

The Define vertex window allows each point to be explicitly positioned with respect to (WRT) another element.


East/West	From the drop down menu, click to identify the direction of the East/West axis. The user can then input an explicit position value in the Position field.
North/South	From the drop down menu, click to identify the direction of the North/South axis. The user can then input an explicit position value in the Position field.
Up/Down	From the drop down menu, click to identify the direction of the Up/Down axis. The user can then input an explicit position value in the Position field.

If required, select one or all of the Lock check boxes to lock the explicit position of the current co-ordinate along the E/W, N/S or U/D axis.

The axes to which all co-ordinates are interpreted with respect to must be set.

In the WRT text box, input the name of the element to which all co-ordinates are interpreted with respect to, the default is World.

Click Apply to create the point or Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Define vertex window. The user is returned to the Create Extrusion window.

Define Vertex Offset from Previous

The Define vertex window allows the user to specify a distance and direction which define a point relative to the position of the preceding vertex

Input a value in the Direction field to define the direction of the point relative to the preceding vertex.

Input a value in the Distance field to define the distance of the point relative to the preceding vertex.

If required, select one or all of the Lock check boxes to lock the explicit position of the current co-ordinate.

Click Apply to create the point or Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Define vertex window. The user is returned to the Create Extrusion window.

Construct a Fillet Arc with Specified Radius between two Tangential Lines

The user can construct a fillet arc with a specified radius between two picked tangential lines. The Radius window allows the user to define the required radius.

Input a value in the Radius field to define the radius of the fillet arc. Alternatively, Click

to pick two points whose separation defines the radius using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Measure distance start (Distance[0]) Snap : then Measure distance end (Distance[0]) Snap :

Click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Radius window.

Once the radius has been defined, the user can pick two lines between which the fillet arc is to be constructed using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted Extrusion arc fillet First element : then Extrusion arc fillet Second element :

The user is returned to the Create Extrusion window.

Loop Vertex Editor

Loop Vertex Editor allows the user to modify the shape of a panel loop (PLOO) or extrusion/solid of revolution loop (LOOP) by manipulating the positions of individual vertices, edges between vertices and groups of vertices. All vertices are constrained to remain in the plane of the loop throughout the operations.

Select the Display Modification Form check box to display Loop editor on the Modify Extrusion window when the user apples an extrusion.

On the Modify Extrusion window, select Loop editor to display the Loop Vertex Editor window.

The Control part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to control the element to edit and close the window.


CE	Click to set the currently selected element, from the Model Explorer or 3D view, as the working element.
Close	Click to discard any inputs and close the Loop Vertex Editor window.

The Settings part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to define the way in which the window is used.


Confirm	When Confirm is selected the user must click Modify at the bottom of the window to implement each modification. When Confirm is not selected each modification is implemented immediately.
Confirm on delete	When Confirm is selected the user must confirm each deletion in order to complete the command. When Confirm is not selected deletions are implemented immediately.
Tag edges	When Tag edges is selected each edge is tagged with the number of the vertex at its start.
Display axes	When Display Axes is selected the axes of the primitive are displayed at the first vertex in the 3D view.
Free Rotate	When Free rotate is selected groups of vertices can be orientated by default when moved from one edge to another.

On the Loop Vertex Editor window, click Utilities, select Remove coincident from the drop-down list to remove two or more vertices that are at the same position.

The Mode Selection part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to modify a single vertex, an edge or a group of vertices.


	Allows the selection of all vertices in the loop to be modified as a group. The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Allows the user to select a number of individual vertices to be modified as a group using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick points, <escape> to select : The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Allows the user to select an edge to be modified using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick near edge : The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Allows the user to select a vertex to be modified using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick screen position : The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Allows the user to create a new vertex. The created vertex is allocated the next number in the sequence after the current vertex by default. The user is prompted to Create new vertex(Distance[0]) Snap :

The Vertex/Edge part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to select a vertex or edge, depending on the current mode.


	Allows the user to select a vertex or edge using a cursor pick in the 3D view. In vertex mode, the user is prompted to Pick screen position : In edge mode, the user is prompted to Pick near edge : The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	The Vertex/Edge Counter displays the currently selected vertex/edge in the 3D view. The user can navigate to a specific vertex or edge by inputting the vertex/edge number in the text field. Alternatively, select the up/down arrows to step through the list. The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.

The Group part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to modify the currently selected group of vertices.


	Reverses the group definition by renumbering all the group vertices in the opposite direction (clockwise or anticlockwise).
	Moves the open-side of the group and the origin for the vertex numbering one place forward.
	Moves the open-side of the group and the origin for the vertex numbering one place backwards.
	Moves each edge of the group outwards by the distance specified in the Expand/Contract text field normal to its own direction.
	moves each edge of the group inwards by the distance specified in the Expand/Contract text field normal to its own direction.

The Line part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to modify the currently selected edge.


	Moves the Start vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick point start is to be projected through : Alternatively, if a line is selected, the End vertex is moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length.
	Moves the End vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick point end is to be projected through : Alternatively, if a line is selected, the Start vertex is moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length.
	Moves the free vertex around the reference vertex to align the edge with a picked line using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick line to be made parallel with : The operation maintains the edge length.

The Rotate part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to rotate groups of vertices.


	Rotates the edge anticlockwise, through the rotation angle specified in the Angle text field, about the reference end. The operation maintains the edge length.
	Rotates the edge clockwise, through the rotation angle specified in the Angle text field, about the reference end. The operation maintains the edge length.

The Modify part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to modify the current selection.


	Moves a vertex group by inserting it at a different position in the loop sequence. Use the vertex selector to navigate to the required point in the sequence. The group is inserted after the current vertex.
	Moves the current vertex, edge or group such that the new positions are derived by reflecting the original positions about a picked line, edge or pline. The user is prompted to Pick line to mirror about : The Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.
	Deletes a group, edge or vertex from the loop definition.
	Displays the Modify Arc window. Refer to Modify Arc for further information.

The Aid Diameter part of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the user to control the size of the Aid spheres in the 3D view when modifying groups of vertices.

The user can input a value in the text field or select a value using the up and down arrows.

The Vertex/Edge/Group part of the Loop Vertex Editor displays co-ordinate data for the currently selected vertex, edge or group depending on the current mode.

The user can modify the co-ordinates for a vertex using a selection from the drop-down list. If required, select one or all of the Lock check boxes to lock the explicit position of the current co-ordinate.

The user can modify the Start, End, Aligned, Extend Start and Extend End co-ordinates for a an edge using a selection from the drop-down list. If required, select one or all of the Lock check boxes to lock the explicit position of the current co-ordinate.

The user can modify the Position or Origin co-ordinates for a group using a selection from the drop-down list. If required, select one or all of the Lock check boxes to lock the explicit position of the current co-ordinate.

Click Modify to apply the modifications to the extrusion.

Modify Arc

The Modify Arc window allows the user to define a fillet arc, manipulating a circle at the current vertex position.

The user can tailor the panel loop edges by constructing tangents between circles at adjacent vertices; the centre positions and radii of these circles can be specified in various ways. Changes to the current vertex arc are made in such a way that the adjacent vertex arcs are unchanged as far as geometric considerations allow.

The Settings part of the Modify Arc window allows the user to specify default settings for the arc modification.


Derive	Allows the user to pick an item with the required radius and/or position, the current construction circle matches this as far as possible.
Best Fit	When Best Fit is selected, the Equipment application attempts to construct the circle which best fits between adjacent arcs or points by default. The circle has twice the minimum radius which just fits between the adjacent arcs.

Input a value in the Radius field to define the radius of the construction circle from which the panel shape is derived. Alternatively, select Radius from the Position drop-down list to pick a point through which the circle is to pass using a cursor pick in the 3D view.

Select Origin from the Position drop-down list and input values in the X/Y fields to set the centre of the circle. Alternatively the user can position the centre of the circle using a cursor pick in the 3D view.

Click Flip Tangents to change the tangents between adjacent construction circles to the opposite sides of the circles, where the geometry allows two valid configurations to exist.

Click Apply to modify the arc or Dismiss to discard any inputs and close the Modify Arc window. The user is returned to the Loop Vertex Editor window.

In the example below the user has selected to create the extrusion with explicit coordinates, the Define Vertex window appears. Click Apply to create the each vertex point.

The Extrusion Vertices have an Fradius attribute, the user has changed the value for vertices 2 and 3 to modify the extrusion.

The extrusion displays in the 3D view.

Create Revolution

The user can create a positive or negative volume by rotating a user-defined loop (a 2D profile) through a specified angle around a given axis. The Axes controls allow the user to define the axis about which the loop is rotated, and the plane in which the loop is defined (the start of the generated shape).

To create a revolution the user must first create a constructional aid line to be used as the start position for the rotational axis.

To create a constructional aid line, on the 3D View tab, in the Aids group, click Graphical Aids, select Constructs from the drop-down list to display the 3D Aid Constructs window.

On the 3D Aid Constructs window, click Create, select Line from the drop-down list, select Explicit from the drop-down list to display the Modify Line window.

The Modify Line window allows the user to create and position a line. Refer to 3D Construction Aids for further information.

When the user has created a constructional aid line the revolution can be created.

To create a revolution make sure the correct Primitive element is selected in the Model Explorer. On the Equipment tab, in the Create group, click Primitives to display the Create Primitive window.

On the Create Primitive window, select Solid of Revolution to display the +ve Revolution window.

The +ve Revolution window allows the user to create the revolution by creating the rotation points.

In the example below the user has selected to create a revolution with explicit coordinates.

On the +ve Revolution window, click Rotation Line, the user can select the constructional aid line using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick line to rotate about : The constructional aid line is used as the start position for the rotational axis.

On the +ve Revolution window, click Point on Plane, the Positioning Control window displays by default. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.

On the Positioning Control window, click

to display the Explicit Position window.

In the Set Position fields, input the explicit position of the plane in which the loop is defined (the start of the generated shape). Click Apply to create the position point or Dismiss to discard any inputs and close the Explicit Position window.

The user can create the vertices to determine the shape of the revolution.

On the +ve Revolution window, click

to display the Positioning Control window. Refer to Positioning Control for further information.

On the Positioning Control window, click

to display the Explicit Position window.

In the Set Position fields, input the explicit positions of each vertex. Click Apply each time the values are entered to create a new vertex or Dismiss to discard any inputs and close the Explicit Position window.

Once all the Vertex positions have been entered, click OK on the +ve Revolution window and the Revolution primitive is created.

Create Negative Primitive

The user can create a negative primitive to represent a hole in a primitive element.

To create a negative primitive make sure the correct Primitive element is selected in the Model Explorer.

On the Create Primitive window, select Switch to Negative Primitives to display the Create Negative Primitive window.


Box	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Box. Refer to Box Parameters for further information.
Cylinder	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Cylinder. Refer to Cylinder Parameters for further information.
Cone	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Cone. Refer to Cone Parameters for further information.
Snout	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Snout. Refer to Snout Parameters for further information.
Pyramid	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Pyramid. Refer to Pyramid Parameters for further information.
Circular Torus	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Circular Torus. Refer to Circular Torus Parameters for further information.
Rectangular Torus	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Rectangular Torus. Refer to Rectangular Torus Parameters for further information.
Dish	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Dish. Refer to Dish Parameters for further information.
Sloped Cylinder	The Create Negative Primitive window displays the parameters fields for a Sloped Cylinder. Refer to Sloped Cylinder Parameters for further information.
Extrusion	Displays the Create Negative Extrusion window. Refer to Create Negative Extrusion for further information.
Solid of Revolution	Displays the -ve Revolution window. Refer to Create Negative Revolution for further information.
Switch to Normal Primitives	Displays the Create Primitives window. Refer to Primitives for further information.

Create Negative Extrusion

The Create Negative Extrusion window allows the user to create a set of extrusion vertices in various ways, depending on the requirements of the design.

To create a negative extrusion make sure the correct Primitive element is selected in the Model Explorer.

On the Create Negative Primitive window, select Extrusion to display the Create Negative Extrusion window.

The functionality of the Create Negative Extrusion window is identical to the Create Extrusion window, with the exception of the Settings part of the window. Refer to Create Extrusion for further information.

The settings part of the Create Negative Extrusion window allows the user to define the position and orientation of the hole.


Surface	Sets the surface datum point for the hole using a cursor pick in the 3D view. The user is prompted to Pick Surface to be used as datum :
Hole depth	Input the hole thickness in the field.

Click Apply to create the negative extrusion or Cancel to discard any changes and close the Modify Negative Extrusion window.

Create Negative Revolution

On the Create Negative Primitive window, select Solid of Revolution to display the -ve Revolution window.

The functionality of the -ve Revolution window is identical to the +ve Revolution window. Refer to Create Revolution for further information.

Check the P-point Position of a Primitive

A primitive contains a number of P-points indicating the position of a primitive.The user can check the primitive P-point positions when a primitive is created. For example, the figure below displays typical P-points for a box.

The P-points display at the centre of each face apart from a P-point at the origin of the box, which is in the centre of the box (not shown).

To check the P-point position of a primitive, on the Home tab, in the Common group, click Attributes, select General from the drop-down list to display the Query window. The Query window allows the user to query current data settings. The functionality available from the Query window is common across all MODEL applications,. Refer to Query for further information.